मासलेस इसके अंग्रेजी अर्थ का उदाहरण

Via the Higgs mechanism, these boson fields combine into the massless electromagnetic field A_\mu and the fields for the three massive vector bosons W^\pm and Z.

Combitech Traffic Systems AB In theoretical condensed matter physics and particle physics, bosonization is a mathematical procedure by which a system of interacting fermions in (1+1) dimensions can be transformed to a system of massless, non-interacting bosons.

For massless particles, the two coincide: the helicity is equal to the chirality, and both are Lorentz invariant, and are constants of motion.

In massless particles, not all of these correspond to physical degrees of freedom: for example, the photon is a massless spin"nbsp;1 particle with helicity eigenvalues "minus;1 and +1, and the eigenvalue 0 is not physically present.

All known spin"nbsp; particles have non-zero mass; however, for hypothetical massless spin"nbsp; particles (the Weyl spinors), helicity is equivalent to the chirality operator multiplied by .

In dimensions, the little group for a massless particle is the double cover of SE(2).

The Kalb–Ramond field appears, together with the metric tensor and dilaton, as a set of massless excitations of a closed string.

Fierz and Pauli showed in 1939 that this only propagates the expected five polarizations of a massive graviton (as compared to two for the massless case) if the coefficients are chosen so that a-b.

The Fierz–Pauli massive graviton, due to the broken diffeomorphism invariance, propagates three extra degrees of freedom compared to the massless graviton of linearized general relativity.

This scalar mode exerts an extra attraction in the massive case compared to the massless case.

Hence, if one wants measurements of the force exerted between nonrelativistic masses to agree, the coupling constant of the massive theory should be smaller than that of the massless theory.

Hence, provided the two theories agree on the force between nonrelativistic probes, the massive theory would predict a smaller light bending than the massless one.

For a massless graviton, this process converges and the end result is well-known: one simply arrives at general relativity.