espalier's Usage Examples:

- Subsidiary to walls as a means of training fruit trees, espalier rails were formerly much employed, and are still used in many gardens.

It is very necessary in the case of trees trained to a flat surface, as a wall or espalier rail, to prevent undue crowding.

It may be grown as an espalier, like a fruit tree, and this will protect it from winds, or it may be trained against a wall.

The vines whose fruit is intended for table use as grapes or raisins are trained on espaliers or on trees, especially the nettle-tree (Celtis ausiralis)In selecting young pear trees for walls or espaliers, some persons prefer plants one year old from the graft, but trees two or three years trained are equally good.

espalier apples and pears.

Fig, i represents a garden of one acre and admits of nearly double the number of trees on the south aspect as compared with the east and west; it allows a greater number of espalier or pyramid trees to face the south; and it admits of being divided into equal principal compartments, each of which forms nearly a square.

espalier shaped trees.

Fruit trees trained as espaliers, fans or cordons against walls, trellises or fences, are not only pruned carefully in the winter but must be also pruned during the early summer months.

- Continue the pruning and training of wall and espalier trees, and the destruction of noxious insects.

espalier fruit trees line the vegetable and cut flower beds, making a screen of formally trained plants.

Without raising his eyes, he said in a low voice:The vines whose fruit is intended for table use as grapes or raisins are trained on espaliers or on trees, especially the nettle-tree (Celtis ausiralis)Barley and wheat, carobs and raisins may be specially indicated among the agricultural exports.

The forms chiefly adopted for trees trained to walls and espalier rails are the fan-shaped, the half-fan and the horizontal, with their various modifications.