वर्तमान-परिपूर्ण इसके अंग्रेजी अर्थ का उदाहरण

Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and perfect aspect that is used to express a past event that has present consequences.

Analogous forms are found in some other languages, and they may also be described as present perfect; they often have other names such as the German Perfekt, the French passé composé and the Italian passato prossimo.

In English, completed actions in many contexts are referred to using the simple past verb form rather than the present perfect.

English also has a present perfect continuous (or present perfect progressive) form, which combines present tense with both perfect aspect and continuous (progressive) aspect: "I have been eating".

The action is not necessarily complete; and the same is true of certain uses of the basic present perfect when the verb expresses a state or a habitual action: "I have lived here for five years.

In modern English, the auxiliary verb used to form the present perfect is always to have.

A typical present perfect clause thus consists of the subject, the auxiliary have/has, and the past participle (third form) of main verb.

German haben, French avoir, Italian avere) is used to form the present perfect (or their equivalent of the present perfect) for most or all verbs.

The present perfect in English is used chiefly for completed past actions or events when it is understood that it is the present result of the events that is focused upon, rather than the moment of completion.

When a past time frame (a point of time in the past, or period of time which ended in the past) is specified for the event, explicitly or implicitly, the simple past is used rather than the present perfect.

Then, the present perfect continuous form is often used, if a continuing action is being described.

For examples, see as well as the sections of that article relating to the simple past, present perfect continuous, and other perfect forms.

The present perfect form implies the perfective aspect and colloquially usually replaces the simple past (except in the verb sein "to be"), but the simple past still is frequently used in non-colloquial and/or narrative registers.