रक्षिगण इसके अंग्रेजी अर्थ का उदाहरण

Ways of reducing the beam emittance include radiation damping, stochastic cooling, and electron cooling.

The simplest case of stochastic dominance is statewise dominance (also known as state-by-state dominance), defined as follows:.

The probabilistic approach is to view measurements as an instance of a stochastic process.

Sources of a stochastic background .

1 rem), a dose much lower than that which could induce embryonic abnormalities or other non-stochastic effects, there was an observed 2500 excess of otherwise wanted pregnancies being terminated, probably out of fear in the mother of some kind of perceived radiation risk.

If X(s) is a stochastic process, then for all functions t(s) such that the integral \int_{\mathbb R} t(s)X(s)\,\mathrm{d}s converges for almost all realizations of X .

This showed that it was possible for apparently cyclic behaviour to emerge as the result of random shocks to the economy if the latter were modelled using a stable stochastic difference equation with certain technical properties.

Sufficient conditions for second-order stochastic dominance.

First-order stochastic dominance of A over B is a sufficient condition for second-order dominance of A over B.

The steps involved in active transport have a net forward direction, but small stochastic steps still exist in the conformational process that move backwards.

To do so, banks will apply local- or stochastic volatility models, such as Heston mentioned above (or less common, implied trees).

Other stochastic processes can satisfy the Markov property, the property that past behavior does not affect the process, only the present state.

We solve the stochastic differential equation to obtain.

Several articles about the stochastic version of the model and its link with the original one.