पारस्परिक-आद्वाय इसके अंग्रेजी अर्थ का उदाहरण

* Community survey (a type of cross-sectional study).

For example, recall bias is likely to occur in cross-sectional or case-control studies where subjects are asked to recall exposure to risk factors.

A longitudinal study assesses research subjects over two or more points in time; by contrast, a cross-sectional study assesses research subjects at only one point in time (so case-control, cohort, and randomized studies are not cross-sectional).

Despite this, a pipe with a larger internal diameter was desirable for longer runs as the signal loss is inversely proportional to the pipe's cross-sectional area.

In liquid chromatography, the mobile phase velocity is taken as the exit velocity, that is, the ratio of the flow rate in ml/second to the cross-sectional area of the ‘column-exit flow path.

’ For a packed column, the cross-sectional area of the column exit flow path is usually taken as 0.

6 times the cross-sectional area of the column.

The cross-sectional shape of the blade of a knife or sword is made up of different planes, or grinds.

At initially subsonic upstream conditions, the conservation of mass principle requires the fluid velocity to increase as it flows through the smaller cross-sectional area of the constriction.

| alignleft | discharge hole cross-sectional area, in m².

The mass flow rate is primarily dependent on the cross-sectional area A of the nozzle throat and the upstream pressure P, and only weakly dependent on the temperature T.

| alignleft | cross-sectional area of flow constriction (unit length squared).

An example would be a negative cross-sectional relationship between illness and vaccination, if it is observed that where the incidence of one is higher than average, the incidence of the other tends to be lower than average.

It can be used only if the parts to be welded are equal in cross-sectional area.