परान्नजीवी इसके अंग्रेजी अर्थ का उदाहरण

The flycatcher is a frequent victim of brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds.

They are rarely victims of cowbird parasitism.

This species has been found to be parasitised by multiple strains of Wolbachia.

It is heavily parasitised.

The eggs may be parasitised by wasps, such as the tiny fairyflies (Mymaridae) and Trichogrammatidae.

Infection with parasites can induce phenotypic plasticity as a means to compensate for the detrimental effects caused by parasitism.

Obligate parasitism is exhibited in a range of organisms, with examples in viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals.

In short, the feeding behavior of larval asilids can configure as intermediate between predation and ectoparasitism.

Pigeons and doves are parasitised by two major groups of lice; wing lice and body lice.

Geum rivale is parasitised by Podosphaera aphanis – a conidial powdery mildew.

Common Mormon caterpillars are heavily parasitised by chalcid wasps, with over a hundred tiny wasps eventually emerging from each Mormon pupa.

This may simply be a form of parasitism, wherein the pair whose nest is being parasitized gains no benefit.