जीभ-कीड़ा इसके अंग्रेजी अर्थ का उदाहरण

Some authors interpreted tongue worms as essentially intermediate between annelids and arthropods, while others suggested that they deserved a phylum of their own.

Adding fossils, they suggested an extinct animal called Facivermis could be closely related to tongue worms.

Papua New Guinean writers The Pentastomida are an enigmatic group of parasitic arthropods commonly known as tongue worms due to the resemblance of the species of the genus Linguatula to a vertebrate tongue.

The possibility that tongue worms are crustaceans can be traced back to the work of Pierre-Joseph Van Beneden, who compared them to parasitic copepods.

John Riley and colleagues also offered a detailed justification for the inclusion of the tongue worms among the crustaceans.

Although gall mites are much smaller than tongue worms, they also have a long, segmented body and only two pairs of legs.

The affinities of tongue worms have long proved controversial.

Critics of the Ichthyostraca hypothesis have pointed out that even parasitic crustaceans can still be recognised as crustaceans based on their larvae; but that tongue worms and their larvae do not express typical characters for Crustacea or even Euarthropoda.

The modern form of this hypothesis dates from Karl Georg Wingstrand's study of sperm morphology, which recognised similarities in sperm structure between tongue worms and fish lice (Argulidae) – a group of maxillopod crustaceans which live as parasites on fish and occasionally amphibians.

An alternative model notes the extremely ancient Cambrian origins of these animals and interprets tongue worms as stem-group arthropods.

Adult tongue worms vary from about in length, and parasitise the respiratory tracts of vertebrates.

Historically significant accounts of tongue worm biology and systematics include early work by Josef Aloys Frölich, Alexander von Humboldt, Karl Asmund Rudolphi, Karl Moriz Diesing and Rudolph Leuckart.