चतुरांगघात इसके अंग्रेजी अर्थ का उदाहरण

Fraunhofer diffraction returns then to be an asymptotic case that applies only when the input/output propagation distance is large enough to consider the quadratic phase term, within the Fresnel diffraction integral, negligible irrespectively to the actual curvature of the wavefront at the observation point.

An example of a filtered algebra is the Clifford algebra \operatorname{Cliff}(V,q) of a vector space V endowed with a quadratic form q.

is an indefinite binary quadratic form with real coefficients and discriminant D b^2-4ac, then there are integers x,"nbsp;y for which f takes a nonzero value of absolute value at most.

If bc, the matrix \begin{pmatrix}a " b \\ b " 1 - a \end{pmatrix} will be idempotent provided a^2 + b^2 a , so a satisfies the quadratic equation.

United States retail company stubs In mathematical optimization, a trust region is the subset of the region of the objective function that is approximated using a model function (often a quadratic).

Additionally, in an early foundational work on the method, Goldfeld, Quandt, and Trotter (1966) refer to it as quadratic hill-climbing.

Conceptually, in the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, the objective function is iteratively approximated by a quadratic surface, then using a linear solver, the estimate is updated.

Geometrically, this adds a paraboloid centered at \Delta x 0 to the quadratic form, resulting in a smaller step.

At each iteration, the damped quadratic fit predicts a certain reduction in the cost function, \Delta f_\text{pred}, which we would expect to be a smaller reduction than the true reduction.

Such sums are basic in a number of questions, for example in the distribution of quadratic residues, and in particular in the classical question of finding an upper bound for the least quadratic non-residue modulo N.

A classical result is the case of a quadratic, for example,.

They are named for the Dutch mathematician Hendrik Kloosterman, who introduced them in 1926 when he adapted the Hardy–Littlewood circle method to tackle a problem involving positive definite diagonal quadratic forms in four as opposed to five or more variables, which he had dealt with in his dissertation in 1924.

The condition for a nonzero number mod p to be a quadratic non-residue is to be an odd power of a primitive root.